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UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST
FACULTY OF PHYSICS Guest
2024-11-24 9:35 |
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Conference: Bucharest University Faculty of Physics 2011 Meeting
Section: Biophysics; Medical Physics
Title:
Detection of biomarkers at haemodialyzed patients
Authors:
Cristina Achim1,2, D. C. Dumitras1, Ana M. Bratu1, D. C. A. Dutu1 , Consuela Matei, S. Banita1,
and A. Popescu2
Affiliation:
1Department of Lasers, National Institute for Laser, Plasma, and Radiation Physics,
409 Atomistilor St., PO Box MG-36, 077125 Bucharest, Romania
2Faculty of Physics, University of Bucharest, Romania
E-mail
popa_cristina_mihaela@yahoo.com
Keywords:
Laser photoacoustic spectroscopy, biomarkers, haemodialysis, breath test
Abstract:
Human breath includes hundreds of volatile organic compounds in low concentrations even though fewer than fifty of these are found in the majority of normal human’s breath. Some of these volatile organic compounds have been identified as biomarkers to some specific pathologies, including lipid peroxidation, heart failure, asthma, cystic fibrosis, diabetic ketoacidosis, alcohol intoxication, renal failure, and others [1]. However, due to the low concentrations and presence of a large number of chemical species in the exhaled air, breath analysis requires high sensitive and selective instrumentation to detect and identify the atypical concentrations of specific biomarkers [2, 3].
Ethylene from the human breath is a marker of oxidant stress (in patients on haemodialysis, in acute myocardial infarction, in inflammatory diseases and ultraviolet radiation damage of human skin) and can be directly attributed to biochemical events surrounding lipid peroxidation [4].
What causes too much ammonia in human body?
Ammonia and ammonium ions (as small molecules) can penetrate the blood-lung barrier, and appear in the exhaled breath. In the case of kidney dysfunction, urea is unable to be excreted, causing an excessive build up of ammonia in the blood. People with kidney failure have a marked odor of ammonia ("fishy") on their breath, which can be an indicator of this disease [5, 6].
In the present study, measurements were made to detect ethylene and ammonia from the exhaled breath of patients with renal disease and also for healthy volunteers. Breath test is noninvasive, easily repeated, and does not have the discomfort or embarrassment associated with blood and urine tests.
The application of laser photoacoustic spectroscopy for fast and precise measurements of breath biomarkers has opened up new promises for monitoring and diagnostics in recent years, especially because breath test is a non-invasive method, safe, rapid and acceptable to patients.
1. P. R. Galassetti, B. Novak, D. Nemet, C. Rose-Gottron, D. M. Cooper, S. Meinardi, R. Newcomb, F. Zaldivar, D. R. Blake, “Breath Ethanol and Acetone as Indicators of Serum Glucose Levels: An Initial Report”, Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics 7, 2005, pp: 115 – 123.
2. W. Miekisch, J. K. Schubert, G. F. E. Noeldge-Scomburg, “Diagnostic potential of breath analysis-focus on volatile organic compounds”, Clinica Chimica Acta 347, 2004, pp: 25-39.
3. F. Ferreira da Silva, M. Nobre, A. Fernandes, R. Antunes, D. Almeida, G. Garcia, N. J. Mason, P. Limão-Vieira, “ Spectroscopic studies of ketones as a marker for patients with diabetes”, Journal of Physics: Conference Series 101, 2008, pp: 1-7.
4. G. J. Handelman, “Current Studies on Oxidant Stress in Dialysis”, Blood Purification 21, 2003, pp: 46-50.
5. L.R. Narasimhan, W. Goodman, .C. Kumar N. Patel, “Correlation of breath ammonia with blood urea nitrogen and creatinine during hemodialysis”, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 98, 2001, pp: 4617-4621.
6. M. R. McCurdy, Y. Bakhirkin, G. Wysocki, R. Lewicki, F. K. Tittel, “Recent advances of laser-spectroscopy-based techniques for applications in breath analysis”, Journal of Breath Research 1, 2007, 014001.
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