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UNIVERSITY OF BUCHAREST
FACULTY OF PHYSICS Guest
2024-11-22 2:18 |
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Conference: Bucharest University Faculty of Physics 2012 Meeting
Section: Biophysics; Medical Physics
Title:
Novel approaches in realistic neuronal network modeling
Authors:
B. AMUZESCU
Affiliation:
Dept. Biophysics & Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest
E-mail
bogdan@biologie.kappa.ro
Keywords:
neuronal model, neural network, detailed compartmental model, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, 2-photon excitation confocal microscopy, immunofluorescence, patch-clamp, multi-electrode array
Abstract:
Understanding the dynamics and computations of single neurons and their role within larger neural networks is at the core of neuroscience. Quantitative models summarize and organize the rapidly growing amount and sophistication of experimental data, and make testable predictions. We review a few classical neuronal models: the passive integrate-and-fire model of Lapicque, the Connor-Stevens model, models including T (and later L, N, P)-type Ca2+ currents, the cable equation and Rall branching models, and the principles of multi-compartment models, as well as new achievements in detailed compartmental models of Ranvier node conduction. We also briefly review recent progress in novel high-resolution microscopy techniques, such as STED (stimulated emission depletion microscopy) or 2-photon excitation confocal microscopy, which, in combination with targeted expression of fluorescent proteins or engineered ion channel – light-sensitive molecule assemblies, allow real-time dynamical visualisation at an unprecedented resolution of intricate electrical phenomena and ion flows associated with neuronal functions within in vivo experiments, and even control by lasers and stereotactically implanted waveguides of neuronal membrane potentials (optogenetic control). Further, we highlight modern achievements in large-scale detailed modeling of the brain, like Henry Markram’s team Blue Brain Project at Brain & Mind Institute, EPFL Lausanne, or the brain computational model of Nick Anghelidi based on layers of detailed 3D neuronal models (http://www.inventikon.com/articles/discovery.html). Eventually, we present recent experimental evidence about the roles and functions of the hippocampal formation in episodic and spatial memory, action prediction, and emotional behavior, as revealed by multiple simultaneous patch-clamp recordings and imaging studies on brain slices, multielectrode array recordings on slices, animal models and human patients, complex immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry studies.
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